Joyce, James Contents
Joyce, James Timeline
| Year | Historical | Literary | Author |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1882 |
First commercial production of electricity Married Women's Property Act, enables women to buy, own and sell property and to keep their own earnings |
Born at Rathgar, Dublin |
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| 1883 | Fabian Society founded |
Nietzsche, Also Sprach Zarathrustra |
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| 1884 |
Ruskin's Storm Cloud of the Nineteenth-Century Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain |
John Stanislaus Joyce (JSJ) brother, born in Rathmines, Dublin |
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| 1885 | Haggard's King Solomon's Mines | ||
| 1887 | Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee celebrating 50 years of her reign | Haggard's Allan Quartermain |
Family moves to Kingstown (now Dun Laoghaire) |
| 1888 |
Jack the Ripper murders five women in London Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society |
Arnold's Essays in Criticism (Second Series) |
J begins to attend Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit school, in County Kildare |
| 1889 | Newman dies | Death of Gerard Manley Hopkins | |
| 1890 |
First underground railway in London Sir James Frazer's The Golden Bough (first two vols; complete 13 vols., -1915) First of the Jim Crow laws passed to segregate blacks from whites in the South Southern states pass series of laws to restrict black voting rights |
William Morris' News from Nowhere Emily Dickinson, Poems |
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| 1891 | William Morris, Kelmscott Press | Gissing's New Grub Street |
JJ leaves Clongowes due to family’s financial problems |
| 1892 | Daimlers sell their first motor car |
Family moves to Blackrock and then central Dublin; there are now eight children |
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| 1893 | Independent Labour Party formed |
JJ and JSJ begin to attend Belvedere College, Jesuit day school in Dublin Last of JJ’s siblings born: there are now ten children |
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| 1894 |
Family moves to Drumcondra; JJ excels at school; family moves again |
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| 1895 | Oscar Wilde arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality |
JJ enters Sodality of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
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| 1896 |
J chosen as Prefect of Sodality; attends religious retreat |
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| 1897 | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee | ||
| 1898 |
Becomes student at Royal University (now University College, Dublin); family still making frequent moves from house to house. |
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| 1899 |
( - 1902) Second Boer War Irish Literary Theatre founded |
Ibsen's When We Dead Awaken Pinero's Trelawney of the 'Wells' Symons' The Symbolist Movement in literature Wells' Tales of Space and Time |
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| 1900 |
Most children under eleven attending elementary school Daily Express founded Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams |
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| 1901 |
Queen Victoria dies. Edward VII king First transatlantic radio communication by Marconi |
Wells' The First Men in the Moon |
Leaves Royal University and enrols at Royal University Medical School First meeting with Yeats and Lady Gregory |
| 1902 |
Balfour Education Act establishes state system of secondary schools Second Boer War ends |
Bennett's Anna of the Five towns Mare's Songs of Childhood Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles Kipling's Just So Stories |
Leaves Medical School and goes to Paris JJ’s mother dies |
| 1903 |
Wilbur and Orville Wright make first powered flight New York-London news service begins using wireless telegraphy Emmeline Pankhurst founds the Women's Social and Political Union |
Butler's The Way of All Flesh James' The Ambassadors The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. du Bois |
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| 1904 |
Entente Cordiale settles colonial differences between UK and France Offset printing invented Abbey Theatre, Dublin, founded Freud's The Psychopathology of Everyday Life |
Hardy's The Dynasts, Part I published J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan first performed on stage James' The Golden Bowl |
Begins work on stories which will become the collection Dubliners; begins work on Stephen Hero; writes poems which will appear in Chamber Music Leaves home and spends short period as a teacher in Dublin Meets Nora Barnacle and later they leave Dublin for continental Europe Teaches English in Trieste Son Giorgio born Grant Richards agrees to publish Dubliners, but later withdraws |
| 1905 |
Start of suffragette agitation and first suffragettes imprisoned Einstein's special theory of relativity Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality |
Doyle's The Return of Sherlock Holmes Wells' Kipps |
JJ’s brother JSJ, moves to Trieste Moves briefly to Rome; begins ‘The Dead’ Chamber Music published in London Daughter Lucia born |
| 1906 | Liberal landslide in general election; 29 Labour MPs elected and Labour Party constituted | Mare's Poems |
Abandons Stephen Hero and begins to revise text as A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man |
| 1907 | Pablo Picasso introduces cubism |
Finishes writing ‘The Dead’ Poverty in Italy and family problems in Dublin Stops writing Portrait after three chapters Resumes work on Portrait |
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| 1908 |
Old Age Pensions Act introduces state pensions for the over-seventies Ford's first Model T car sold in Britain Pathe's first regular newsreel First aeroplane flight in Britain |
Edmund Gosse's Father & Son published Bennett's The Old Wives' Tale Wells' The War in the Air |
Signs contract with Maunsell & Co. for publication of Dubliners in Dublin Returns to Dublin to open city’s first cinema |
| 1909 |
North Pole reached by Robert Peary (US) NAACP founded |
Galsworthy's Strife Pound's Personae |
Returns to Trieste; cinema fails Delay in publishing Dubliners |
| 1910 |
Edward VII dies. George V becomes king South Wales Miners' strike First post-impressionist exhibition in London First feature-length films Freud's On Psychoanalysis Collapse of cotton farming due to boll weevil damage |
Galsworthy's Justice Wells' The History of Mr Polly |
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| 1911 |
Ford Model T assembly plant opened in Manchester Beatrice and Webb's Poverty Der Blaue Reiter group of expressionist artists formed in Munich Frazer's The Golden Bough (11 vols.-1915; first two vols., 1890) Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole Suffragette riots in London |
Wells' The New Machiavelli |
Lectures on Blake & Defoe at University in Trieste Agreement with Maunsell & Co. breaks down Begins twelve Hamlet lectures at University |
| 1912 |
First Post-Impressionism Exhibition in London Titanic sinks Widespread strikes in Britain Women's Franchise Bill rejected by the House of Commons; suffragettes riot in London Some 400 cinemas in London; establishment of British Board of Film Censors |
Bridges' Poetical Works Mare's The Listeners Georgian Poetry, ed. Edward Marsh Pound's Ripostes Mann's Death in Venice |
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| 1913 |
Suffragette Emily Davies dies after throwing herself under the King's horse at the Derby Freud's Totem and Taboo; also Interpretation of Dreams Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring 'Cat and Mouse' Act House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule Bill but rejected by the House of Lords Suffragette deonstrations |
Marcel Proust publishes first of the seven volumes of A la recherche du temps perdu (Remembrance of Things Past) (last volume, 1927) |
Revises Portrait and completes it for serialisation in The Egoist Dubliners published by Grant Richards Makes note for play Exiles and begins writing Ulysses |
| 1914 |
August: Great War breaks out (to November 1918) Irish Home Rule Act passed but later suspended because of war World War One - although segregated, black soldiers enlisted to fight in US armed forces |
Pound's Des Imagistes |
Joyce's Dubliners JSJ interned in Austrian prison Family moves from Trieste to neutral Zurich Receives grant from Royal Literary Fund |
| 1915 |
War intensifies with huge losses Zeppelin attacks on London Sinking of Lusitania Einstein's general theory of relativity Second Battle of Ypres |
Brooke's 1914 and Other Poems Buchan's The Thirty-Nine Steps Kafka's Metamorphosis Maugham's Of Human Bondage Some's Imagist Poets: An Anthology, ed. Amy Lowell (further Imagist anthologies followed in 1916 and 1917) Ford Maddox Ford's The Good Soldier |
Dubliners and Portrait published in New York Portrait published in England |
| 1916 |
Easter Rising, Dublin Conscription introduced Battle of the Somme Theories of shell-shock develop Jung's Psychology of the Unconscious Battle of Verdun Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister The Great Migration to the north begins (US) |
Brighouse's Hobson's Choice Wells' Mr Britling Sees it Through |
Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man JJ undergoes operation for problems with his eyes Begins to receive financial support from an anonymous donor, Harriet Shaw Weaver (editor of the Egoist); this continues for the rest of JJ’s life |
| 1917 |
USA enters war Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Russian Revolution (March) Freud's Introduction to Psychoanalysis Abdication of Czar Nicholas II Russian Revolution (October) |
Agrees to publish Ulysses serially in the Egoist Parts of Ulysses begin to be serialised in the Little Review Exiles published by Grant Richards Further problems with his eyes |
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| 1918 |
End of the Great War: Armistice, 11 November Rutherford splits atom Representation of the People Act (4th Reform Bill) gives the vote to all men over twenty-one and women over thirty Stopes' Married Love; Parenthood Fisher Education Act raises school-leaving age to fourteen Influenza pandemic, kills over 20 million people world-wide by 1920 Execution of Czar Nicholas II Vote given to all men over twenty-one and women over thirty |
Joyce's Exiles Thomas' Last Poems |
Copies of Little Review containing episodes of Ulysses confiscated by US postal authorities on grounds of indecency Egoist publishes edited versions of further episodes Family moves to Paris |
| 1919 |
Treaty of Versailles Anglo-Irish War begins Nancy Astor becomes first woman MP Flu pandemic Peace conference at Versailles |
Maugham's The Moon and Sixpence |
Issues of Little Review containing episodes of Ulysses seized by U. S. postal authorities and complaint made by New York Society for the Suppression of Vice Little Review convicted of publishing obscene matter and no further episodes appear |
| 1920 |
Partition of Ireland League of Nations founded (precursor of the United Nations) Oxford admits women to degrees (1880 at London University) Jung's Psychological Types |
Christie's The Mysterious Affair at Styles Mansfield's Bliss Strachey's Eminent Victorians Hardy's Collected Poems |
Sylvia Beach, Paris bookseller, offers to publish Ulysses, paid for by advance subscription JJ completes manuscript Ulysses published in Paris JJ has more problems with eyes |
| 1921 |
Economic slump Marie Stopes opens first birth-control clinic in London Irish Free State formed |
Huxley's Crome Yellow Pirandello Six Characters in Search of an Author |
Begins writing Work in Progress (later to become Finnegans Wake) |
| 1922 |
Unemployment stands at 2 million: first of many 'hunger marches' organised by the NUWM throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Irish Civil War breaks out (ends 1923) Mussolini comes to power in Italy Radio broadcasting begins; British Broadcasting Company formed Frazer's The Golden Bough (one-volume abridged edn) Establishment of the USSR |
Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga Mansfield's The Garden Party Richards' Principles of Literary Criticism |
Joyce's Ulysses (published in Paris; banned in the UK until 1936) (1924-31) Continues work on Finnegans Wake with sections being published in various forms in Paris and New York |
| 1923 | Matrimonial Causes Act (allows women to sue for divorce on same grounds as men, including adultery) |
Sitwell's Façade published Cummings' Tulips and Chimneys Huxley's Antic Hay Cane, Jean Toomer (Harlem Renaissance author) |
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| 1924 |
Paris Exhibition First Labour government in Britain under Ramsay MacDonald (January) Housing Act provides for subsidised public housing (generates over half a million new homes by 1932) Freud's The Ego and the Id Ramsay Macdonald forms first Labour government |
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| 1925 | Pensions Act provides pensions at sixty-five |
Coward's Hay Fever Hemingway's In Our Time |
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| 1926 |
General Strike Television first demonstrated by John Logie Baird; British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) established |
T.E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom | |
| 1927 |
Trade Disputes Act makes general strikes illegal Charles Lindbergh, first solo transatlantic flight German financial and economic crisis Rise of Stalin in USSR |
Graves and Riding's A Survey of Modernist Poetry | |
| 1928 |
Universal suffrage for men and women Minimum voting age for women in Britain reduced to twenty-one from thirty years Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin (fully exploited from 1940) First films with sound in Britain |
Blunden's Undertones of War Huxley's Point Counter Point Isherwood's All the Conspirators |
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| 1929 |
General election returns minority Labour government; Margaret Bondfield becomes first woman Cabinet member Wall Street Crash and start of international economic depression Margaret Bondfield becomes first woman Cabinet member |
Graves' Goodbye to All That Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms Priestley's The Good Companions Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front (film version, 1930) |
JJ and Nora Barnacle marry in London for sake of children’s inheritance JJ’s father dies |
| 1930 |
Jet engine invented 11th May: Amy Johnson becomes the first woman to complete a solo flight from England to Australia The Great Depression Nazis begin rise to power in Germany Foundation of the Nation of Islam (black national separatist organisation) |
Blunden's Collected Poems Coward's Private Lives Faulkner's As I Lay Dying Maugham's Cakes and Ale |
Lucia, JJ’s daughter, has first mental breakdown and spends period in clinic in Paris |
| 1931 | Woolf's The Waves |
Lucia in hospital in Switzerland |
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| 1932 |
Hunger marches in Britain British Union of Fascists formed |
Huxley's Brave New World Eliot's Sweeney Agonistes |
Ulysses legally cleared on obscenity in USA Ulysses published in USA Lucia again in hospital JJ resumes work on Work in Progress |
| 1933 | Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany |
Auden's The Dance of Death Orwell's Down and Out in London and Paris |
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| 1934 |
British Union of Fascists addressed by Oswald Mosley Adolf Hitler becomes Führer |
John Masefield becomes Poet Laureate James' The Art of the Novel Pound's Make it New Priestley's English Journey |
Ulysses published in London |
| 1935 |
Radar & nylon invented Italy invades Ethiopia |
Launch of first Penguin paperbacks | |
| 1936 |
Death of George V Accession, then abdication of Edward VIII Spanish Civil war begins Jarrow March of the unemployed Accession of George VI |
Huxley's Eyeless in Gaza Orwell's Keep the Aspidistra Flying Thomas' 25 Poems |
JJ completes Finnegans Wake |
| 1937 |
British policy of appeasement towards Italy and Germany Mass Observation Project starts |
Orwell's The Road to Wigan Pier Priestley's Time and the Conway's Woolf's The Years Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston |
Finnegans Wake published in London and New York |
| 1938 |
Munich agreement with Hitler Supreme Court rules Missouri must provide access to public schooling for blacks as well as whites |
Waugh's Scoop Day-Lewis' Overtures to a Death Greene's Brighton Rock |
Family move to Zurich after France surrenders to Germany |
| 1939 |
End of Spanish Civil War Start of the Second World War Evacuation of children from London |
Thomas' Twenty-Six Poems Eliot's The Family Reunion Isherwood's Goodbye to Berlin Joyce's Finnegan's wake Orwell's Coming up for Air Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath |
JJ dies (13 Jan) following operation on a perforated stomach ulcer - buried in Zurich. Nora is buried separately when she dies in 1951, and they are reburied together in 1966 |
| 1940 |
Churchill becomes Prime Minister Evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk Start of the Blitz |
Thomas' Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog Greene's The Power and the Glory |
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| 1941 |
Japanese bomb Pearl Harbour USA declares war on Germany and Italy |
Coward's Blithe Spirit Eliot's Little Gidding |
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