The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale Contents
- Social / political context
- Religious / philosophical context
- Literary context
- l.1-40: The link between The Physician's Tale and The Pardoner's Prologue
- The Pardoner's Prologue - l.41-100
- The Pardoner's Prologue - l.101-138
- The Pardoner's Prologue - l.139-174
- The Pardoner's Tale - l.175-194
- The Pardoner's Tale - l.195-209
- The Pardoner's Tale l.210-300: Gluttony and drunkenness
- The Pardoner's Tale l.301-372: Gambling and swearing
- The Pardoner's Tale l.373-422: The rioters hear of death
- The Pardoner's Tale l.423-479: The rioters meet an Old Man
- The Pardoner's Tale l.480-517: Money
- The Pardoner's Tale - l.518-562: Two conspiracies
- The Pardoner's Tale - l.563-606: Love of money leads to death
- The Pardoner's Tale l.607-630: Concluding the sermon
- The Pardoner's Tale l.631-657: Selling relics and pardons
- Final link passage l.658-680: Anger and reconciliation
Chaucer's early years
Education
School
Chaucer was clearly well educated, possibly first at the excellent school attached to St Paul’s Cathedral. From knowledge of the general curriculum there and the evidence of his writing, quite a lot can be deduced about his early education:
- He obviously had excellent knowledge of French and Latin and close familiarity with Latin authors including Ovid and Virgil
- His schooling laid a basis of a wide knowledge of contemporary mathematics, information about the world, history and science
- He would have been well versed in knowledge of the Christian faith and of ethical conduct, seen as the most important component of educationIt is likely that he could read Italian as well.
More on Chaucer's Italian: He would not have learnt Italian at school but perhaps his father’s contacts in the wine trade led to a knowledge of Italian by both father and son. Undoubtedly, Chaucer’s Italian would have improved during his travels in that area.
Training in a princely household
Chaucer’s teenage years included the training given to a page in a princely household:
- Military skills, riding and fighting
- Gentlemanly attitudes and principles
- Arts: singing, composition of poetry, music, dancing
- Bureaucratic expertise, administration, assisting with the complex organization of royal events and government.
Intellectual life
Chaucer lived in London:
- The city had many leading religious houses and places of learning
- There was a cosmopolitan population of merchants, clerics and people attached to princely households and the court
- Chaucer worked in princely households with fine libraries. He mentions owning forty books himself in The Legend of Good Women.
- Chaucer had an extraordinary range of knowledge, including some of the latest ideas about theology, science, astronomy, mathematics and history. He clearly had a voracious enthusiasm for new ideas and for engaging with contemporary intellectual, religious and political debates.
- His friends included foremost intellectuals such as the philosopher Ralph Strode of Oxford.
Chaucer is typical of a change in intellectual life. In the late fourteenth century, it became increasingly common for lay men and women to be able:
- To read (to varying degrees)
- To acquire learning
- To hold administrative positions.
43Bc- AD17. Latin poet born in Italy. His major works are Ars amatoria (Art of Love) and Metamorphoses.
1. Devout, involved in religious practice
2. Member of a religious order, a monk or nun.
A member of the clergy.
Member of male religious community.
A man belonging to a Christian religious group who, instead of living within an enclosed religious house, travelled round teaching the Christian faith, and sustaining himself by begging for charity.
Commonly used of a religious believer or believers who are not clergy, that is, have not been ordained.
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