Persuasion Timeline

Year Historical Literary Author
1775 James Watt develops the steam engine Birth of Jane Austen, novelist
1776 American War for Independence begins (to 1784) Smith's The Wealth of Nations
1778 Founding of Royal Academy
1779 Anglo-Spanish War
1780 Gordon Riots, June 2-10, 300 people killed
1783 American Revolution ends
Anglo-Spanish war ends
Evangelical revival begins
1784 Wesleyan charter published
First mechanical threshing machine in use
1785 First steam engine installed
1787 Formation of a Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
1788 The Times founded
1789 French Revolution and fall of the Bastille
First steam-driven cotton factory opens in Manchester
1790 First steam-driven rolling mill opens Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France
1791 Darwin's The Botanic Garden Paine's Rights of Man, part 1
1792 Abolition of French monarchy and Republic declared; Louis XVI of France is put on trial Paine's Rights of Man, part 2
Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1793 Britain and France at war
Louis XVI and his queen, Marie-Antoinette are executed. Reign of Terror begins. 		Godwin's Political Justice
1794 Execution of Danton and Robespierre in France Godwin's Caleb Williams
1795 Food riots
Rise of Napoleon
 Thomas Carlyle born 		More's Cheap Repository Tracts

Adam Smith writes Essays on Philosophical Subjects 
1796 Failure of French attempt to invade Ireland. Peace negotiations with France break down.

Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine and invades Italy

Peace negotiations with France break down 		Wollstonecraft's Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Denmark and Norway
 M.G. Lewis writes The Monk
1797 Failure of French attempt to invade through Wales. Mutinies in navy
Naval mutinies at Spithead and Nore
Birth of Schubert 		Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin born in London; her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, dies ten days later
1798 French forces land in Ireland. Government extends control of newspapers. Nelson defeats French in Egypt at Battle of the Nile

Battle of the Nile; Nelson destroys French fleet

 Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads
Wollstonecraft's The Wrongs of Woman published

Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of Population
1799 Combination Act bans some political societies
Introduction of income tax
Britain at war with France 		Godwin's St Leon
1800 Act of Union of Ireland with Britain (takes effect 1801)
Food riots in many places in Britain
Volta generates electricity 		Maria Edgeworth: Castle Rackrent
Walter Scott: The Eve of St John
1801 High food prices and economic and social unrest
First Factory Act
First cencus of England and Wales
Thomas Jefferson elected President of the USA
Union of Great Britain and Ireland
1802 Peace of Amiens ends war with France
Health and Morals of Apprentices Act passes Parliament
1803 War with France begins again
Richard Trevithick builds first working railway steam engine 		Godwin's Life of Chaucer
1804 Napoleon preparing invasion of England
Napoleon crowned Emperor
War with Spain 		Ann and Jane Taylor's Original Poems for Infant Minds
1805 Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
Battle of Austerlitz

Walter Scott: The Lay of the Last Minstrel 

Robert Southey: Poems 
1806 Napoleon defeats Prussians and establishes trade blockade of Britain
End of the Holy Roman Empire
1807

Slave trade abolished in all British possessions

 Charles and Mary Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare
Bowdler: The Family Shakespeare

Hazlitt: Essays 

Leigh Hunt: Essays
1808 Start of Peninsular War

Beethoven: Fifth and Sixth Symphonies
Cowper: Poems
1809 Proposals for Parliamentary reform are defeated in the House of Commons
Quarterly Review founded
First use of gas-lighting in central London
Battle of Corunna 

Arthur Wellesley defeats the French at Talavera and is created Duke of Wellington

Tennyson is born 		Birth of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, poet
1810 George III suffering from mental illness
Napoleon annexes the Netherlands
Chopin and Schumann are born 		Coleridge lectures on Shakespeare
1811 Luddite machine-breakers active in the Midland counties of England.

Prince of Wales becomes Regent following the insanity of his father George III

Luddites begin destroying factory machinery
Shelley is expelled from Oxford 		Austen's Sense and Sensibility
1812 War with America begins (until 1814)
Further Luddite unrest
Prime Minister Spencer Percival assassinated
Napoleon begins invasion of Russia
Wellington defeats French at Salamanca
Battle of Borodino
Napoleon enters Moscow but begins a retreat one month later 		Birth of Robert Browning, poet
The Brothers Grimm publish their Tales
Shelley publishes Declaration of Rights
1813 Toleration Act for Unitarians
Leigh Hunt imprisoned for libelling Prince Regent
Wellington enters France
Napoleon defeated at Battle of Leipzig
Prussian army begins invasion of France 		Austen's Pride and Prejudice
1814 Robert Stephenson builds steam locomotive
Napoleon abdicates and is banished to Elba
End of war with America
Congress of Vienna
Allies enter Paris
British burn Washington in USA 		Scott's Waverley Austen's Mansfield Park
1815 Napoleon returns from Elba and is defeated at Waterloo
Corn Law passed

Leigh Hunt released from prison on Feb. 3 

Napoleon returns to France and enters Paris
Napoleon finally defeated by Wellington at the battle of Waterloo
Napoleon banished to St Helena
John Nash begins the Brighton Pavilion 		Scott's Guy Mannering

Austen: Emma
1816 Riots in East Anglia and the manufacturing districts of the north of England
Economic depression
William Cobbett's Political Register

 Shelley marries Mary Godwin

 Scott's The Antiquary Austen's Emma
1817 Prince Regent's coach attacked: further repressive measures by Government. Further social unrest
Manchester 'Blanketeers' march to London 		Scott's Rob Roy
Hazlitt's Characters of Shakespeare's Plays
Southey's Wat Tyler 		Jane Austen dies

Austen: Northanger Abbey and Persuasion
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