Articles
- Impact of the Bible
- The cultural influence of the Bible and Christianity in England
- Bible in English culture, The
- English Bible Translations
- Influence of the Book of Common Prayer on the English language
- A history of the church in England
- Culture and sung Christian worship
- Famous stories from the Bible
- Literary titles from the Bible
- Common Sayings from the Bible
- Big ideas from the Bible
- Adoption
- Angels
- Anger
- Anointing
- Apocalypse, Revelation, the End Times, the Second Coming
- Armour
- Ascent and descent
- Atonement and sacrifice
- Babel, language and comprehension
- Baptism
- Betrayal
- Blood
- Bread
- Bride and marriage
- Cain and Abel
- Christians
- City and countryside
- Cleansing
- Clothing
- Community, church, the body of Christ
- Covenant
- Creation, creativity, image of God
- Cross, crucifixion
- Curtain/veil
- Darkness
- Death and resurrection
- Desert and wilderness
- Devils
- Donkey, ass
- Doubt and faith
- Dove
- Dreams, visions and prophecy
- Earth, clay, dust
- Exile
- Feasting and fasting
- Fire
- Forgiveness, mercy and grace
- Fruit, pruning
- Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve, 'Second Adam'
- Gateway, door
- Goats
- Grass and wild flowers
- Harvesting
- Heaven
- Hell
- Incarnation (nativity)
- Inheritance and heirs
- Jewels and precious metals
- Jews, Hebrews, Children of Israel, Israelites
- Journey of faith, Exodus, pilgrims and sojourners
- Judgement
- Justice
- Kingship
- Last Supper, communion, eucharist, mass
- Light
- Lion
- Lost, seeking, finding, rescue
- Messiah, Christ, Jesus
- Miracles
- Mission, evangelism, conversion
- Moses
- Music
- Names
- Noah and the flood
- Numbers in the Bible
- Parables
- Parents and children
- Passover
- Path, way
- Patriarchs
- Peace
- Penitence, repentance, penance
- Poverty and wealth
- Prayer
- Promised Land, Diaspora, Zionism
- Psalms
- Rabbi, Pharisee, teacher of the law
- Redemption, salvation
- Rest
- Rock and stone
- Salt
- Seed, sowing
- Serpent, Devil, Satan, Beast
- Servant-hood, obedience and authority
- Sheep, shepherd and lamb
- Sin
- Slavery
- Soul
- Temple, tabernacle
- Temptation
- Ten Commandments, The
- Trees
- Trinity, Holy Spirit
- Vine, vineyard
- Water
- Weeds, chaff, briar, thorn
- Wisdom and foolishness
- Women in the Bible
- Word of God
- Work and idleness
- Investigating the Bible
- Literary allusions to the Bible
- Pilgrimage in literature
- Biblical style in poetry
- Biblical imagery in metaphysical poetry
- Bible/Literature intertextuality
- The cultural influence of the Bible and Christianity in England
Serpent, Devil, Satan, Beast
Serpent
In Genesis, the first book of the Bible, the writer describes the creation of the world and humankind by God. Adam and Eve, the first man and woman, are placed by God in the beautiful Garden of Eden, sometimes also called Paradise. There is only one restriction placed by God on Adam and Eve: they are not to eat the fruit of one particular tree – the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. (See Big ideas: Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve, ‘Second Adam'; Creation, creativity, Image of God.) They are, however, tempted by the serpent to disobey God, and their following actions result in their expulsion from the Garden of Eden to live in toil and sorrow.
Devil, Satan
Following a tradition developed by early Christian commentators, the serpent came to be identified with the Devil, or Satan, the enemy of mankind, whose name in Hebrew means ‘adversary, enemy, accuser'. The serpent also came to be identified with Lucifer (meaning ‘Light Bearer') who rebelled and fell from heaven (see Big ideas: Devils; Angels).
In the book of Job, Satan is allowed to test Job's faith in God. The most commonly held view of Satan is that of an evil spirit who seeks the damnation of humankind – and therefore appears in the New Testament as the direct antagonist of Christ, who wishes to bring redemption. He is the evil force who tempts Jesus in the wilderness, urging him to take earthly rather than spiritual power (see Big ideas: Temptation).
Another name sometimes used of the Devil is ‘Beelzebub', which translates as ‘Lord of the Flies'.
Beast
In the book of Revelation, chapter 13, two fearsome ‘beasts' are described which are the enemies of God and those who serve him.
Serpent, Devil, Satan, Beast in literature
Milton's Paradise Lost
In his epic poem Paradise Lost, Milton uses traditional ideas to identify both the serpent as well as the fallen angel as manifestations of Satan. He also identifies the serpent with the dragon who is described in Revelation, the last book of the Bible, as fighting against God.
Miller's The Crucible
The idea of ‘satanism', or devil worship, was closely associated with a belief in ‘witchcraft' in the Middle Ages and later centuries. A witch-hunt in the New England town of Salem in the seventeenth century is the topic of Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, which shows how personal greed and spite can unleash horrific forces within an apparently Christian community.
Golding's Lord of the Flies
William Golding, in his novel Lord of the Flies, uses the term ‘The Beast' to suggest the innate evil in humans.
Related topics
Big ideas: Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve, ‘Second Adam'; Creation, creativity, image of God; Devils; Angels; Temptation
Other cultural references
Milton's Paradise Lost
Arthur Miller's The Crucible
William Golding's Lord of the Flies
- English Standard Version
- King James Version
The Creation; Fall of humankind and universal or original sin; Noah and the Flood; the call of Abraham (start of salvation history), followed by the stories of the other patriarchs, Isaac, Jacob and Joseph.
Big ideas: Creation; Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve; Cain and Abel; Noah and the Flood; Patriarchs
Famous stories from the Bible: Adam and Eve / Creation; Noah's Ark; Abraham
A great debate on why, if God is just and good, he allows innocent people to suffer (theodicy); recognised as a literary masterpiece for the wealth and energy of its language and the power of its thought
This is an example of apocalyptic literature, full of colourful imagery and symbolism. It contains seven letters to churches in Asia Minor (modern Turkey) who are commended for their zeal or criticised for lack of it. The overall message is that kingdom of God will triumph in the battle against evil and the book ends with a beautiful description of the Heavenly Jerusalem as the symbol of God's presence among humankind in a new heaven and earth.
Big ideas: Judgement; Dreams, visions and prophecy; Serpent, devil, Satan, beast; Apocalypse, Revelation, the End Times, the Second Coming
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